Pressure vessels

Under pressure Vessels are one of the most important and widely used equipment in various industries, which are used to store and maintain fluids (liquids and gases) under high pressure. These tanks are designed and built in such a way that they can withstand more internal or external pressure than the ambient pressure. In the following, some features, types and applications of these tanks are discussed:

Features of under pressure tanks

Tank material: they are usually made of resistant materials such as carbon steel, stainless steel or special alloys that can withstand high pressure and different environmental conditions.

Tank shape: Pressure tanks are usually designed in a cylindrical or spherical shape. The spherical shape distributes the pressure more ideally, but is more complicated and expensive to manufacture.

Safety: Due to the high internal pressure, these tanks must be regularly inspected and tested to ensure their safety.

Types of under pressure vessels

Under pressure vessels are divided into different categories, each of which is designed for specific applications in different industries. Below are descriptions of each of these equipments:

Spherical Storage Tanks

Spherical storage tanks are made in terms of shape and design in such a way that they can distribute the pressure uniformly in all directions. This feature makes spherical tanks very suitable for storing liquefied gases such as LPG (liquefied natural gas), LNG (liquefied natural gas) and other gases.

Features:

Uniform pressure distribution: The spherical shape makes the pressure evenly distributed, which helps to increase the strength of the tank.
High strength: The spherical design enables the use of thinner walls, which saves on consumables.

Applications:

They are mainly used in the storage of liquefied gases under high pressure.
Storage of chemicals and petroleum products.

Pressure Storage Tanks

These types of tanks are specially designed to store liquids and gases under high pressure. Pressure storage tanks can store liquids under high pressure due to their resistant structure.

Features:

Construction materials: usually made of carbon steel or stainless steel with the ability to withstand high pressures.
Various shapes: they may be designed as horizontal or vertical cylinders.

Applications:

Oil and gas industries for storing liquids and gases under pressure.
Chemical and pharmaceutical industries for storing chemicals and pharmaceuticals under pressure.
Energy production facilities and power plants.

Vacuum Towers

Vacuum towers are equipment designed to separate and purify materials under vacuum conditions. These equipments are commonly used in chemical and refinery processes.

Features:

Low pressure: Working under low pressure (vacuum) conditions helps to more effectively separate components with different boiling points.
Design: It usually has a vertical structure with different sections for separation and distillation.

Applications:

in crude oil distillation and refining processes.
In the chemical industry to separate substances based on boiling point.
In the production of high value materials and purification of raw materials.

Distillation Columns

Distillation columns, also known as distillation columns, are equipment for separating liquid components based on differences in their boiling points.

Features:

Vertical structure: Distillation columns are usually designed vertically with different sections called trays or packings.
Operation: Fluids are introduced from the bottom of the column and move upward, while heat is continuously added to effect the separation.

Applications:

Distillation of crude oil to produce various products such as gasoline, kerosene and diesel.
Separation and purification of chemicals in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

Cylindrical Pressure Vessels

Cylindrical pressure vessels are one of the most common types of pressure vessels due to their simple and economic design. These tanks are designed in a cylindrical shape with stable bases and are used to store materials under high pressure.

Features:

Structure: It has a cylindrical body with two heads, which is usually designed in a circular or elliptical shape.
Materials: They are usually made of carbon steel, stainless steel or corrosion-resistant alloys.
Stability: Cylindrical design offers good stability under high pressure conditions due to uniform pressure distribution and higher strength compared to other (non-spherical) shapes.

Applications:

Oil and gas industry: for the storage of liquids and gases under pressure, such as crude oil and industrial gases.
Chemical and pharmaceutical industries: for storage of chemicals and production processes.
Energy production facilities: in boilers and other systems that require storage of pressurized liquids.

Process vessels

Process vessels are equipment designed to carry out and control various industrial processes. These tanks are generally used for chemical reactions, mixing, purification and other process operations.

Features:

Design and construction: They may be designed in various shapes, including cylindrical, spherical, or other shapes, and equipped with various equipment such as agitators, heating systems, and inlet and outlet pipes.

Functionality:

They typically have specific capabilities, such as temperature, pressure, and contact time control, to precisely manage industrial processes.

Applications:

Chemical industry: for chemical reactions, mixing materials and separation of products
Pharmaceutical industry: for the production and processing of drugs and pharmaceutical active ingredients
Food industry: for the production and purification processes of food and beverages
Petrochemical industry: for the production processes of chemicals and hydrocarbon fuels

Important points in design and construction of pressure vessels

standards: The design and construction of pressure vessels is done based on international standards such as ASME Section VIII.

Inspection and testing: Tanks must be subjected to various tests, including hydrostatic tests, to ensure pressure tolerance.

Coatings and insulations: Depending on the type of fluid and environmental conditions, it may be necessary to use anti-corrosion coatings and thermal insulations.

Under pressure vessels are essential components in various industries, including oil and gas, chemical and energy. Using high-quality materials and advanced technologies, these tanks are able to withstand high pressures and harsh environmental conditions. The optimal design and precise engineering of these tanks guarantee their long-term safety and efficiency. For more information and advice regarding the selection and installation of pressure vessels suitable for your specific needs, you can contact our experts at Petro structure company.